Is Critical Thinking Overrated Or Under Developed

Is Critical Thinking Overrated or Under-Utilized in Higher Education? By Dr. Bruce A. Johnson | Submitted On December 27, 2015 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter 1 Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Dr. Bruce A. Johnson Critical thinking is listed as a desired skill or preferred outcome within many higher education courses. It is something that students are expected to demonstrate through their involvement in the class and learning activities. It may be listed in a rubric and/or stated in the course syllabus, depending upon the requirements of the program or the school itself. There may be varying degrees as to how it is demonstrated and then evaluated, ranging from occasionally to always within a rubric description. It is a common practice to provide students with the course rubrics at the start of class; however, the question becomes: Do students usually know what critical thinking means? Do instructors or schools provide a standard definition? Additional questions that arise include: Do instructors understand the meaning of critical thinking and are they provided with an explanation by the school? These are questions that I sought to answer and I spent over two years talking to instructors andShow MoreRelatedQuestions On T H T Company1899 Words   |  8 Pagesovercome the problem of heuristic processing of the human mind, an individual has to repave such response with more accurately computed response, by mostly knowledge gap in learning the information or the rules. This would bring about less rational thinking errors made by the human mind. 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Essay Richard Nixon - 1491 Words

Richard Nixon Born in 1913 in Yorba Linda, California, Richard Milhouse Nixon was raised in a Quaker home with his four brothers, mother and father. His family led a docile life by abstaining from all dancing, swearing, drinking and other common Quaker practices (Barron 12). Financially, the family struggled and he could not afford to attend Harvard University even with a full-ride scholarship. Instead, Nixon enrolled at Whittier College, a popular Quaker college close to home (Barron 39). Nixon began dominating all of his academics and it was at Whittier where he began to shape his future political career. Nixon began his studies at Whittier College in 1930 and managed to keep an active schedule. Between football practice, drama†¦show more content†¦That was also the year his first daughter Tricia was born. Two years later he won a seat in the Senate and his wife Pat gave birth to their second daughter, Julie. Nixon was now on his way to becoming Vice-President of the United States and his political career was taking off. At just 39 years old, Richard Nixon became Vice-President under the Eisenhower administration in 1953 (Gellman 413). He was almost removed from Eisenhower’s campaign due to allegations of a slush fund he started to help pay for campaigning expenses (Drew 122). He ended up saving his candidacy by going on national television and appealing the mass viewers. One event he is most famous for during his Vice-Presidency is the â€Å"kitchen debate† with Khrushchev at the United States exhibition in Moscow (Small 47). This particular debate argued capitalism verses communism and it just so happened to take place in a kitchen (Small 49). He was the first American official to address the Soviets in a live television broadcast. Over the next eight years, Nixon continued to elevate the office of vice president to a new level. With his youthful and vigorous attitude, he made sure he would be the most active vice president in any previous administration. In 1960 Nixon went up against John F. Kennedy, was narrowly defeated and lost the 1961 presidency. He argued that the U.S. media was to blameShow MoreRelatedRichard Nixon : The Silent1491 Words   |  6 PagesRichard Nixon was a president that dealt with many problems while he was in office, such as Vietnam, China, and civil rights. Nixon was a great politician and appeared to want the best for America. 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In the election Nixon only defeated the democratic candidate, Hubert Humphrey, by about 500,000 in the popular vote. Nixon is considered one of the most controversial politicians of the twentieth century. He used his political experience, his background, the communist scare of the late fortiesRead MoreEssay about Richard Nixon1343 Words   |  6 PagesLARSEN//PD7 RICHARD NIXON 11/26 Richard Nixon; the name alone brings to mind terrible words along the lines of scandal and failure. Nixon was the 37th president of the United States. He was also the first and last president to resign from office. However, the scandals leading to Nixon’s resignation definitely overshadowed his humble beginnings and the accomplishments he made as president during the notorious decades of the Cold War. Richard Milhous Nixon was born to Francis and Hannah Nixon on January

Karl Marx (2205 words) Essay Example For Students

Karl Marx (2205 words) Essay Karl MarxKarl Heinrich Marx was born on May 5, 1818, in the city of Trier in Prussia,now, Germany. He was one of seven children of Jewish Parents. His father wasfairly iberal, taking part in demonstrations for a constitution for Prussia andreading such authors as Voltaire and Kant, known for their social commentary. His mother, Henrietta, was originally from Holland and never became a German atheart, not even learning to speak the language properly. Shortly before KarlMarx was born, his father converted the family to the Evangelical EstablishedChurch, Karl being baptized at the age of six. Marx attended high school in hishome town (1830-1835) where several teachers and pupils were under suspicion ofharboring liberal ideals. Marx himself seemed to be a devoted Christian with alonging for self-sacrifice on behalf of humanity. In October of1835, he started attendance at the University of Bonn, enrolling innon-socialistic-related classes like Greek and Roman mythology and the historyof art. During this time, he spent a day in jail for being drunk anddisorderly-the only imprisonment he suffered in the course of his life. The student culture at Bonn included, as a major part, being politicallyrebellious and Marx was involved, presiding over the Tavern Club and joining aclub for poets that included some politically active students. However, he leftBonn after a year and enrolled at the University of Berlin to study law andphilosophy. Marxs experience in Berlin was crucial to his ntroduction toHegels philosophy and to his adherence to the Young Hegelians.Hegels philosophy was crucial to the development of his own ideas and theories. Upon his first introduction to Hegels beliefs, Marx felt a repugnance and wrotehis father that when he felt sick, it was partially from intense vexationat having to make an idol of a view detested. The Hegelian doctrinesexerted considerable pressure in the revolutionary student culturethat Marx was immersed in, however, and Marx eventually joined a society calledthe Doctor Club, involved mainly in the new literary and philosophicalmovement whos chief figure was Bruno Bauer, a lecturer in theology whothought that the Gospels were not a record of History but that they came fromhuman fantasies arising from mans emotional needs and he alsohypothesized that Jesus had not existed as a person. Bauer was later dismissedfrom his position by the Prussian government. By 1841, Marxs studies werelacking and, at the suggestion of a friend, he submitted a doctoral dissertationto the university at Jena, known for having lax acceptance requirements. Unsurprisingly, he got in, and finally received his degree in 1841. His thesisanalyzed in a Hegelian fashion the difference between the naturalphilosophies of Democritus and Epicurus using his knowledge of mythologyand the myth of Prometheus in his chains. In October of 1842, Marx became theeditor of the paper Rheinische Zeitung, and, as the editor, wrote editorials onsocio-economic issues such as poverty, etc. During this time, he found that hisHegelian philosophy was of little use and he separated himself fromhis young Hegelian friends who only shocked the bourgeois to make up theirsocial activity. Marx helped the paper to succeed and it almostbecame the leading journal in Prussia. However, the Prussian governmentsuspended it because of pressures from the goverment of Russia. So,Marx went to Paris to study French Communism. In June of 1843, hewas married to Jenny Von Westphalen, an attractive girl, four years older thanMarx, who came from a prestigious family of both military and a dministrativedistinction. Although many of the members of the Von Westphalen family wereopposed to the marriage, Jennys father favored Marx. In Paris, Marx becameacquainted with the Communistic views of French workmen. Although he thoughtthat the ideas of the workmen were utterly crude and unintelligent,he admired their camaraderie. He later wrote an article entitled Towardthe Critique of the Hegelian Philosophy of Right from which comes thefamous quote that religion is the opium of the people. Once again,the Prussian government interfered with Marx and he was expelled from France. Heleft for Brussels, Belgium, and , in 1845, renounced his Prussian nationality. During the next two years in Brussels, the lifelong collaboration with Engelsdeepened further. He and Marx, sharing the same views, pooled theirintellectual resources and published The Holy Family, a criticism ofthe Hegelian idealism of Bruno Bauer. In their next work, they demonstratedtheir materialistic conception of history but the book found no publisher andremained unknown during its authors lifetimes. It is during hisyears in Brussels that Marx really developed his views and established hisintellectual standing. From December of 1847 to January of 1848,Engels and Marx wrote The Communist Manifesto, a document outlining 10 immediatemeasures towards Communism, ranging from a progressive income tax and theabolition of inheritances to free education for all children. When theRevolution erupted in Europe in 1848, Marx was invited to Paris just in time toescape expulsion by the Belgian government. He became unpopular to German exileswhen, while in Paris, he opposed Georg Heweghs proj ect to organize a Germanlegion to invade and liberate the Fatherland. After traveling backto Cologne, Marx called for democracy and agreed with Engels that the CommunistLeague should be disbanded. During this time, Marx got into trouble with thegovernment; he was indicted on charges that he advocated that people not paytaxes. However, after defending himself in his trial, he was acquittedunanimously. On May 16, 1849, Marx was banished as an alien by thePrussian government. Marx then went to London. There, he rejoined the CommunistLeague and became more bold in his revolutionary policy. He advocated that thepeople try to make the revolution permanent and that they shouldavoid subservience to the bourgeois peoples. The faction that he belonged toridiculed his ideas and he stopped attending meetings of the London Communists,working on the defense of 11 communists arrested in Cologne, instead. He wrotequite a few works during this time, including an essay entitled DerAchtzenhnte Brumair e des Louis Bonaparte (The Eighteenth Brumaire of LouisBonaparte) and also a pamphlet written on the behalf of the 11 communists he wasdefending in Cologne. From 1850 to 1864, Marx lived in poverty andspiritual pain, only taking a job once. He and his family wereevicted from their apartment and several of his children died, his son, Guido,who Marx called a sacrifice to bourgeois misery and a daughter namedFranziska. They were so poor that his wife had to borrow money for her coffin. W.R.1 - Inquiry Activity EssayBecause of inflation and the increase in prices of goods resulting from it, thepeople of the society hoard their money which, because that money is out ofcirculation, causes more money to be printed. The one increases the effect ofthe other and thus, the downward spiral. Marx views revolution with twoperspectives. One takes the attitude that revolution should be a great uprisinglike that of the French revolution. The other conception is that ofthe permanent revolution involving a provisionalcoalition between the low and higher classes. However, an analysis of theCommunist Manifesto shows inconsistencies between the relationship of permanentand violent revolution; that Marx did not exactly determine the exactrelationship between these two yet. Aside from the small inconsistencies inMarxs philosophy, he exhibits sound ideas that do seem to work on paper butfail in the real world where millions of uncertainties contribute to the errorin every social exper iment on Earth. Communism never gets farther than socialismin its practice in the real world and that is where the fault lies, in thegovernments that try to cheat the system while still maintaining their idealcommunist society.

Population Redistributions Based On Ethnicity Have Defused Intense Riv

Population redistributions based on ethnicity have defused intense rivalries in the recent past, and could be a solution to the internal ethnic crises for nations such as the former Yugoslavia. Currently described by the media as ethnic cleansing, Population redistributions have been the focus of much controversy throughout U.S. and world history. To those affected, Population redistributions can be economically and emotionally devastating. It can also lead to enormous tragedies causing thousands of deaths when conducted in a brutal manner. The results of various population redistributions are examined throughout this paper with the focus on the Japanese Internment camps in the U.S. and the current crises in the former Yugoslavia. There are examples of population transfers that have taken place in the twentieth century. In 1923, Greece and Turkey signed the Treaty of Lausanne. The two rival nations agreed to expel 150,000 Greeks living in Turkey, and 388,000 Turks living in Greece back to their ethnic homelands. Except in Cyprus where the populations remained mixed. Turkey and Greece have not taken up arms against each other again. After World War II eight million people of German ethnicity were expelled from their native communities in Poland and throughout Eastern Europe, due to agreements made by the Allies at the Potsdam Conference. Hundreds of thousands of Germans died or were killed during the transfer due to the brutal manner in which it was carried out. Due to the lack of diversity and conflicting cultures the long-term results of the population transfer have ended internal ethnic problems in Poland since then. Israel expelled their own settlers from occupied land (which is currently the new Palestinia n nation) in order to bring about a lasting peace between the two former rivals. After bombing Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on December 7, 1941, 120,000 Japanese and Japanese-Americans living in Oregon, Washington, California, and Arizona were relocated. They were forced from their homes and put in internment camps for their protection from the rage of the American people and for the sake of national security. Japanese-American internment camps like all issues involving race or war, raises the question of whether or not it was legal and ethical to force Japanese-Americans to move homes and livelihoods in early WWII. It is a difficult and controversial problem. When the decision to relocate thousands of Japanese-Americans was made; the actions were considered to be constitutionally legal and seen by many as necessary. It has been argued as to whether or not it was necessary to put so many innocent people through frustration, suffering, and loss of not only their property but also their freedom. Even before the onset of war, due to the differences in their language, culture, communities, customs, and religion, the Japanese living in America were already alienated from much of society. This made it easier for Americans to justify to themselves the need for a temporary population redistribution of the Japanese-Americans. When the bombing of Pearl Harbor occurred, the American people were afraid of a Japanese attack and of the Japanese living near them on the West Coast. People believed their Japanese-American neighbors were the enemy. Americans were so enraged at Japan that they turned their anger towards Japanese-Americans in the forms of protests, discrimination and violent hatred. The Government, including President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, were pressured by the restlessness of the people, the threat of a Japanese attack, the threat of violence between Americans and Japanese-Americans and the lack of time to take action. Lieutenant General John L. DeWitt was chosen for the job of defending and protecting the West Coast. He became one of the biggest supporters of relocating the Japanese. The FBI began investigating and arresting people along the coast who were suspected of spying for enemy countries. Japanese-Americans were not the only people suspected of spying. Italians and Germans were also investigated and imprisoned. DeWitt received reports of acts of disloyalty to the U.S. and sabotage on the part of Japanese-Americans. He was also inundated with reports of unusual radio activity involving contact with Japanese vessels, of farmers burning their fields in the shapes of markers to aid Japanese pilots, and of fisherman monitoring and relaying to Japan the activity of the U.S. navy. None of these reports were substantiated,

Free Essays on Formalistic Criticism For “Revelation”

Formalistic Criticism for â€Å"Revelation† Formalistic critics often analyze stories by showing the relationship between various elements’ meanings such as: plot, characters, point of view, setting tone, diction, images, and symbols. In â€Å"Revelation† the best formalistic approach is about the setting. This factor is used to define the characters in the story. It also gives the reader clues about the time period and geographic location. The protagonist of the story thinks that everyone is defined by his or her outward appearance; the question O’ Connor asks is, â€Å"Should people judge others by superficial things like appearance?† In an attempt to explore the complexity (or hypocrisy) of the class system in the South, O’ Connor uses a well-know setting described in vivid detail and stocked with stereotypical characters speaking local dialect. O’ Connor describes the primary setting in vivid detail. In the first paragraph O’ Connor describes how the doctor’s waiting room is very small and almost full when the protagonist, Mrs. Turpin enters. O’ Connor also mentions that â€Å"when Mrs. Turpin, who was very large, enters she made the room look even smaller† (O’ Connor 338). The setting shows the closeness of all the stereotypical characters makes for a conflict that is inevitable. The room may also represent the protagonist’s small mindedness. Mrs. Turpin is narrow minded because of the way she thinks she is a good person, but yet has inner conflicts. She judges everyone by the way they look. Mrs. Turpin describes one person in particular who demonstrates lower class; as she looked around the room Mrs. Turpin sees â€Å"a woman with a yellow sweatshirt and wine-colored slacks, both gritty-looking, and the rims of her lips were stained with snuff. Her dirty yellow hair was t ied behind with a little piece of red paper ribbon. Worse than niggers any day, Mrs. Turpin thought† (340). Her quick judgment reveals how small... Free Essays on Formalistic Criticism For â€Å"Revelation† Free Essays on Formalistic Criticism For â€Å"Revelation† Formalistic Criticism for â€Å"Revelation† Formalistic critics often analyze stories by showing the relationship between various elements’ meanings such as: plot, characters, point of view, setting tone, diction, images, and symbols. In â€Å"Revelation† the best formalistic approach is about the setting. This factor is used to define the characters in the story. It also gives the reader clues about the time period and geographic location. The protagonist of the story thinks that everyone is defined by his or her outward appearance; the question O’ Connor asks is, â€Å"Should people judge others by superficial things like appearance?† In an attempt to explore the complexity (or hypocrisy) of the class system in the South, O’ Connor uses a well-know setting described in vivid detail and stocked with stereotypical characters speaking local dialect. O’ Connor describes the primary setting in vivid detail. In the first paragraph O’ Connor describes how the doctor’s waiting room is very small and almost full when the protagonist, Mrs. Turpin enters. O’ Connor also mentions that â€Å"when Mrs. Turpin, who was very large, enters she made the room look even smaller† (O’ Connor 338). The setting shows the closeness of all the stereotypical characters makes for a conflict that is inevitable. The room may also represent the protagonist’s small mindedness. Mrs. Turpin is narrow minded because of the way she thinks she is a good person, but yet has inner conflicts. She judges everyone by the way they look. Mrs. Turpin describes one person in particular who demonstrates lower class; as she looked around the room Mrs. Turpin sees â€Å"a woman with a yellow sweatshirt and wine-colored slacks, both gritty-looking, and the rims of her lips were stained with snuff. Her dirty yellow hair was t ied behind with a little piece of red paper ribbon. Worse than niggers any day, Mrs. Turpin thought† (340). Her quick judgment reveals how small...

The John Newbery Medal and Current and Past WInners

The John Newbery Medal and Current and Past WInners In the United States, the John Newbery Medal is the most prestigious childrens book award that an author can receive. The Newbery Medal is an annual children’s book award administered by the Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC of the American Library Association (ALA). According to the ALSC section of the ALA Web site, To be selected as the author of the most distinguished contribution to American literature for children, the book must have been published the previous year in English by an American publisher in the United States. The John Newbery Medal, commonly referred to as the Newbery, has been awarded every year since 1922. It is named for John Newbery, an eighteenth-century British bookseller. To be eligible for a Newbery, either winning the Newbery Medal or having your book designated a Newbery Honor Book, the following terms must also be met: The author(s) must be either citizens or residents of the United States. Fiction, non-fiction, and poetry are all eligible, but reprints and compilations are not. The book must be written for children, with children defined as â€Å"persons of ages up to and including fourteen.† The book must be an original work. A book that was originally published in another country is not eligible. The 2016 Newbery Award Winners The 2016 Newbery award winners, the Medal winner, and three Honor Books  include a picture book, a graphic novel, a fairy tale with historical elements and historical fiction. Below is a brief look at the winners and reviews of the books. 2016 John Newbery Medal Winner Author Matt de la Peà ±a won the 2016 Newbery Medal for his picture book Last Stop on Market Street, which Christian Robinson illustrated. The publisher is G. P. Putnam’s Sons, an imprint of Penguin Group (USA). Matt de la Peà ±a is most well-known for his young adult novels, which include Mexican WhiteBoy, The Living, and The Hunted. He is also the author of the Infinity Ring middle-grade books and one other picture book A Nation’s Hope, The Story of Boxing Legend Joe Louis. 2016 Newbery Honor Books The War That Saved My Life,  by Kimberly Brubaker Bradley. While featuring a historical World War II setting, the characters are products of Bradleys imagination. Dial Books for Young Readers, an imprint of Penguin Group (USA) is the publisher. For more information, read the book review of The War that Saved my Life.Roller Girl,  written and illustrated by Victoria Jamieson.  Roller Girl is Victoria Jamieson’sfirst graphic novel for middle-grade readers, and she brings to it her own experiences with the sport of roller derby.  Dial Books for Young Readers, an imprint of Penguin Group (USA) is the publisher.  For more information, read the book review of .Echo, by Pam Muà ±oz Ryan. Scholastic Press, an imprint of Scholastic Inc. is the publisher. Ryan, the author of more than 40 books, has received numerous awards for her writing, including winning the Pura Belprà © Medal twice, for The Dreamer and Esperanza Rising.  For more information, read the book review of E cho. If you are looking for more good books geared towards the 9- to 14-year-old age range, be sure and take a look at the following features about children’s books that have received Newbery Medals or honors: John Newbery Medal Winners: 2015 to 1922The 2014 Newbery Medal Winner and Honor BooksThe 2013 Newbery Medal Winner and Honor BooksThe 2012 Newbery Medal Winner and Honor BooksThe 2011 Newbery Medal Winner and Honor BooksThe 2010 Newbery Medal Winner and Honor BooksThe 2009 Newbery Medal Winner and Honor Books. Source: ALSC/ALA

Summary for a two articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Summary for a two articles - Essay Example The article being reviewed by DeHoog emphasizes upon the core issues, values, market management strategies and policies related with the management of public service contracts (p.66). In this concise commentary DeHoog has mentioned the weaknesses and strengths of the authors’ points being presented in the article. He has thoroughly reviewed the issues being discussed by the authors and their approaches to discuss those issues. The critic appreciates certain elements of the article under observation (for example, the comprehensive connections between the theory and practice of contracting) and disapproves of others (for example, the neglecting of certain â€Å"nuances† of contracting). The author believes that the impact of political power in terms of contracting has been underplayed in this study; there is a political agenda at plat behind the upsurge of the contracting business that has not been touched in the article. The authors of that article are more inclined towards taking contracting as a managerial service, and so they tend to eliminate the strong role of evolving political situations in contracting. DeHoog claims that the authors have managed to put forth a clear structured guide for contracting practitioners and students, yet they have failed to emphasize that this employment is neither a clear cut business, nor an easy one. Moreover, he says that his view has been shaped by the stinging questions that emerge due to the severe opportunist culture and corruption of the whole affair even in places where competent workers are hired. He says that these authors have failed to point out the extent of political impact on discussion making; their values are economy, a pro-business philosophy and an election-coalition building value. While balancing stakeholders, unaware managers might not even understand the hold of these pressures on their services, and perhaps those who know would conveniently

Corporate Finance FE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Corporate Finance FE - Essay Example It is of note that only the long-term operating assets are incorporated in the calculation for the NOWC but not the short-term investments to be considered as the operating working capital because these short term investments are assumed to be interest bearing securities that to an extent do not directly finance or result from the operations of the Widget Corporation. 2. Seven years ago ABC Inc. issued a series of $1,000 bonds (i.e. Par = $1,000) @ 10% compounded semiannually for a term of 30 years. Additionally, the bonds are callable with a call premium of two coupon payments. Today, the market rate is 10% and each single bond is trading for $844.76. If ABC Inc. wants to raise new debt today, what would be ABC’s marginal cost of debt? Assume no significant change in ABC’s bond rating. Supposing there is no substantial alteration in the ABC’s bond rating means that today’s market bond rate is the same as market rate at the issuance time of the bond, thus the bond trades at par value ($ 1,000). The rate 12% calculated shows the market rate of the bond at present. Remember the present bond value is $ 844.76. The 12% rate represents the Yield To Maturity and therefore is a good estimation figure for the marginal cost of debt. 3. Considering Stand Alone Risk and the calculation of the Coefficient of Variation (CV), you are to develop a series of at least five historical returns for a financial asset and from these returns you are to calculate the CV for this financial asset. 4. You are bearing in mind making an investment in form of a project. The initial cost (I0) equals $1,200. In return for this initial outlay, you will own the rights to three future cash flows: CF1 = $300, CF2 = $400, and CF3 = $500. First, if the appropriate discount rate for this investment is 12%, what is the NPV for this project? Second, what discount rate would

Business Travel Booking Market Trends & Forecast Essay Example for Free

Business Travel Booking Market Trends Forecast Essay

Enviromental Influence in Huckleberry Finn :: essays research papers

The environment that someone is in can greatly affect his or her actions, decisions, and way of life. In the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, Huck is faced with many tough decisions. Huck is a young, white boy, raised in the south. His father is a drunk, and doesn’t teach Huck good morals. As we continue in the book, Huck is faced with the decision, to free a runaway slave, or not. Growing up in the south, he was taught that whites were always better than Negros. But Huck goes against his teachings and continues to help Jim escape to freedom. Huck’s father was an abusive drunk, so legal custody of Huck was switched over to Widow Douglas, who had a slave named Jim. Living with Mrs. Watson, Huck was taught good morals, values, and manners and was forced to go to school. However, he did not live there very long. Huck’s father went on a drunken rampage and kidnapped Huck from Mrs. Watson, and locked him up in his cabin. However, Huck enjoyed living with his father for a while, because he didn’t have to act civilized. Huck eventually figures a way out of the cabin, so he fakes his death so his father doesn’t think he ran away, and then escapes. Huck runs away to Jackson Island, because it is remote and no one lives there. Wandering around the island, Huck runs into Jim, who then explains to him that he ran away because he thought Huck was dead. Jim and Huck converse for a while, till Jim explains that he wants to buy his family back from slavery. Huck then agrees to help Jim escape to freedom by ge tting to Cairo and finding the Ohio River. The time period and location that Huck was living in was very prejudice toward black people. Huck and Jim can only travel down the Mississippi River by raft at night, because Huck fears that people living along the river will think that Jim is a runaway slave and attempt to capture him and turn him into authorities. Huck and Jim have to stop every now and then to pick up necessary supplies, (i.e. food, water, tools) and Huck gets many questions from locals, as to what he’s doing with a black man. The constant questioning annoys Huck and eventually, he reflects on his decision to free Jim. First he writes to Mrs.

Deception Point Page 26

Like a hot knife through a frozen stick of butter. Norah motioned to the NASA men on the winches. â€Å"The generators can't handle this kind of strain, so I'm using manpower to lift.† â€Å"That's crap!† one of the workers interjected. â€Å"She's using manpower because she likes to see us sweat!† â€Å"Relax,† Norah fired back. â€Å"You girls have been bitching for two days that you're cold. I cured that. Now keep pulling.† The workers laughed. â€Å"What are the pylons for?† Rachel asked, pointing to several orange highway cones positioned around the tower at what appeared to be random locations. Rachel had seen similar cones dispersed around the dome. â€Å"Critical glaciology tool,† Norah said. â€Å"We call them SHABAs. That's short for ‘step here and break ankle.'† She picked up one of the pylons to reveal a circular bore hole that plunged like a bottomless well into the depths of the glacier. â€Å"Bad place to step.† She replaced the pylon. â€Å"We drilled holes all over the glacier for a structural continuity check. As in normal archeology, the number of years an object has been buried is indicated by how deep beneath the surface it's found. The farther down one finds it, the longer it's been there. So when an object is discovered under the ice, we can date that object's arrival by how much ice has accumulated on top of it. To make sure our core dating measurements are accurate, we check multiple areas of the ice sheet to confirm that the area is one solid slab and hasn't been disrupted by earthquake, fissuring, avalanche, what have you.† â€Å"So how does this glacier look?† â€Å"Flawless,† Norah said. â€Å"A perfect, solid slab. No fault lines or glacial turnover. This meteorite is what we call a ‘static fall.' It's been in the ice untouched and unaffected since it landed in 1716.† Rachel did a double take. â€Å"You know the exact year it fell?† Norah looked surprised by the question. â€Å"Hell, yes. That's why they called me in. I read ice.† She motioned to a nearby pile of cylindrical tubes of ice. Each looked like a translucent telephone pole and was marked with a bright orange tag. â€Å"Those ice cores are a frozen geologic record.† She led Rachel over to the tubes. â€Å"If you look closely you can see individual layers in the ice.† Rachel crouched down and could indeed see that the tube was made up of what appeared to be strata of ice with subtle differences in luminosity and clarity. The layers varied between paper thin to about a quarter of an inch thick. â€Å"Each winter brings a heavy snowfall to the ice shelf,† Norah said, â€Å"and each spring brings a partial thaw. So we see a new compression layer every season. We simply start at the top-the most recent winter-and count backward.† â€Å"Like counting rings on a tree.† â€Å"It's not quite that simple, Ms. Sexton. Remember, we're measuring hundreds of feet of layerings. We need to read climatological markers to benchmark our work-precipitation records, airborne pollutants, that sort of thing.† Tolland and the others joined them now. Tolland smiled at Rachel. â€Å"She knows a lot about ice, doesn't she?† Rachel felt oddly happy to see him. â€Å"Yeah, she's amazing.† â€Å"And for the record,† Tolland nodded, â€Å"Dr. Mangor's 1716 date is right on. NASA came up with the exact same year of impact well before we even got here. Dr. Mangor drilled her own cores, ran her own tests, and confirmed NASA's work.† Rachel was impressed. â€Å"And coincidentally,† Norah said, â€Å"1716 is the exact year early explorers claimed to have seen a bright fire-ball in the sky over northern Canada. The meteor became known as the Jungersol Fall, after the name of the exploration's leader.† â€Å"So,† Corky added, â€Å"the fact that the core dates and the historic record match is virtual proof that we're looking at a fragment of the same meteorite that Jungersol recorded seeing in 1716.† â€Å"Dr. Mangor!† one of the NASA workers called out â€Å"Leader hasps are starting to show!† â€Å"Tour's over, folks,† Norah said. â€Å"Moment of truth.† She grabbed a folding chair, climbed up onto it, and shouted out at the top of her lungs. â€Å"Surfacing in five minutes, everyone!† All around the dome, like Pavlovian dogs responding to a dinner bell, the scientists dropped what they were doing and hurried toward the extraction zone. Norah Mangor put her hands on her hips and surveyed her domain. â€Å"Okay, let's raise the Titanic.† 28 â€Å"Step aside!† Norah hollered, moving through the growing crowd. The workers scattered. Norah took control, making a show of checking the cable tensions and alignments. â€Å"Heave!† one of the NASA men yelled. The men tightened their winches, and the cables ascended another six inches out of the hole. As the cables continued to move upward, Rachel felt the crowd inching forward in anticipation. Corky and Tolland were nearby, looking like kids at Christmas. On the far side of the hole, the hulking frame of NASA administrator Lawrence Ekstrom arrived, taking a position to watch the extraction. â€Å"Hasps!† one of the NASA men yelled. â€Å"Leaders are showing!† The steel cables rising through the boreholes changed from silver braid to yellow leader chains. â€Å"Six more feet! Keep it steady!† The group around the scaffolding fell into a rapt silence, like onlookers at a seance awaiting the appearance of some divine specter-everyone straining for the first glimpse. Then Rachel saw it. Emerging from the thinning layer of ice, the hazy form of the meteorite began to show itself. The shadow was oblong and dark, blurry at first, but getting clearer every moment as it melted its way upward. â€Å"Tighter!† a technician yelled. The men tightened the winches, and the scaffolding creaked. â€Å"Five more feet! Keep the tension even!† Rachel could now see the ice above the stone beginning to bulge upward like a pregnant beast about to give birth. Atop the hump, surrounding the laser's point of entry, a small circle of surface ice began to give way, melting, dissolving into a widening hole. â€Å"Cervix is dilated!† someone shouted. â€Å"Nine hundred centimeters!† A tense laughter broke the silence. â€Å"Okay, kill the laser!† Someone threw a switch, and the beam disappeared. And then it happened. Like the fiery arrival of some paleolithic god, the huge rock broke the surface with a hiss of steam. Through the swirling fog, the hulking shape rose out of the ice. The men manning the winches strained harder until finally the entire stone broke free of the frozen restraints and swung, hot and dripping, over an open shaft of simmering water. Rachel felt mesmerized. Dangling there on its cables, dripping wet, the meteorite's rugged surface glistened in the fluorescent lights, charred and rippled with the appearance of an enormous petrified prune. The rock was smooth and rounded on one end, this section apparently blasted away by friction as it streaked through the atmosphere. Looking at the charred fusion crust, Rachel could almost see the meteor rocketing earthward in a furious ball of flames. Incredibly, that was centuries ago. Now, the captured beast hung there on its cables, water dripping from its body. The hunt was over. Not until this moment had the drama of this event truly struck Rachel. The object hanging before her was from another world, millions of miles away. And trapped within it was evidence-no, proof-that man was not alone in the universe. The euphoria of the moment seemed to grip everyone at the same instant, and the crowd broke into spontaneous hoots and applause. Even the administrator seemed caught up in it. He clapped his men and women on the back, congratulating them. Looking on, Rachel felt a sudden joy for NASA. They'd had some tough luck in the past. Finally things were changing. They deserved this moment.

NewCastle Beer

NewCastle Beer employs multiple market positioning. The strategy involves specialization of brands for particular markets which is designed to be representative of the demographic and psychographic characteristics of these respective markets. Though the strategy is not unique to the company, by customizing products to markets instead of introducing existing products as they are, the company is able to subscribe to variances in requirements or demands particularly in its international operations (Research and Markets, 2005). Thus, NewCastle Beer is positioned specifically for the variant’s target market which is accomplished by developing direct rapport and natural preference for the product for the purpose of status or identity. Target position is for NewCastle Beer to be the personal choice of the market regardless of their tastes for beer and related products. Currently the company dominates the UK and Irish markets, considered as the key beer import company in the US and one of the fastest growing brands in Central and Eastern Europe (Scottish-Newcastle, 2007). Some of the marketing strategies done for NewCastle Beer use personal appeal and a degree of bandwagon effect. Campaigns figure significantly scenarios common to the market for middle to lower end markets while emphasizing status and quality dominates the strategy for high end products. The latter include co-marketing strategies with establishments either in the form of product supply or price benefits for significant sales or exclusivity of NewCastle Beer in the establishments (Scottish-Newcastle, 2007). In consumer sales, efforts include point of purchase and media advertising. Though campaigns vary to accommodate localized cultural references, there is significant and direct allusion to the history of the product and the company (Research and Markets, 2005). This strategy is to establish the quality of the product particularly in markets where there existing brand or product leaders. There are also significant partnerships for in-house sales as well as consumer sales. References Research and Markets (2005). Breweries & the Beer Market 2005. Retrieved on July 15, 2007 from http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/304454Â   Scottish-Newcastle (2007). Brands and Market Positions. Retrieved on July 15, 2007 from http://www.scottish-newcastle.com/snplc/brands/interactivemap/map_text/#brands

birth control education essays

birth control education essays The issue of birth control being taught and/or distributed in public schools is one worth debating. In biology and health classes students are educated in reproduction and sexuality, but not about such birth control methods such as condoms and birth control pills. While parents may touch briefly on the topic, some feel too embarrassed to discuss it with their children or deem it unnecessary. This is a very bad course of action because the world is now teaming with hormonally driven teenagers lacking vital information about personal safety. They have a longing to practice the oldest instinct that humans possess, which is to procreate. The schools have no reason to not be teaching the other, more important, half of sex education. This action makes as little sense as learning how to add, but not subtract. The city is only one of the many facing this problem in the face. It is a problem that knows no class, religion, or gender. If every community took it upon themselves to address this issue with youth, then they could eliminate a national problem. It is easy to see that lack of knowledge concerning birth control is a sever problem facing todays youth. While the teen pregnancy rate is far lower than it has been in the past, the number of teens infected by sexually transmitted diseases is on the rise. Half of sex education is not enough. Even though 98% of students get "sexuality education", 55% of them still have questions concerning birth control methods, the prevention of STDs, and how to purchase protection confidentially. The challenge of STD prevention in the United States is clearly illustrated by the fact that 85% of the most common infectious diseases in the U.S.A. are spread sexually. This is the highest out of all the industrialized nations in the world. Why, in the U.S. the rates of infection are 50- 100 times greater than in any other of the industrialized nation. A friend of mine, whom we will call Miss. Q for confide...

Maya Angelou, Writer and Civil Rights Activist

Maya Angelou, Writer and Civil Rights Activist Maya Angelou (born Marguerite Annie Johnson; April 4, 1928–May 28, 2014) was a celebrated poet, memoirist, singer, dancer, actor, and civil rights activist. Her autobiography, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, a bestseller published in 1969 and nominated for the National Book Award, revealed her experiences growing up as an African-American during the Jim Crow Era. The book was one of the first written by an African-American woman to appeal to a mainstream readership. Fast Facts: Maya Angelou Known For: Poet, memoirist, singer, dancer, actor, and civil rights activistAlso Known As: Marguerite Annie JohnsonBorn: April 4, 1928 in St. Louis, MissouriParents: Bailey Johnson, Vivian Baxter JohnsonDied: May 28, 2014 in Winston-Salem, North CarolinaPublished Works: ï » ¿I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Gather Together in My Name, The Heart of a Womanï » ¿Awards and Honors: National Medal of Arts,  Presidential Medal of FreedomSpouse(s): Tosh Angelos, Paul du FeuChild: Guy JohnsonNotable Quote: My mission in life is not merely to survive, but to thrive; and to do so with some passion, some compassion, some humor, and some style. Early Life Maya Angelou was born Marguerite Ann Johnson on April 4, 1928, in St. Louis, Missouri. Her father Bailey Johnson was a doorman and navy dietitian. Her mother Vivian Baxter Johnson was a nurse. Angelou received her nickname from her older brother Bailey Jr., who couldnt pronounce her name so he called her Maya, which he derived from my sister. Angelous parents divorced when she was 3. She and her brother were sent to live with their paternal grandmother Anne Henderson in Stamps, Arkansas. Within four years, Angelou and her brother were taken to live with their mother in St. Louis. While living there, Angelou was raped before she turned 8 years old by her mother’s boyfriend. After she told her brother, the man was arrested and, upon his release, was killed, probably by Angelous uncles. His murder and the trauma surrounding it caused Angelou to be almost completely mute for five years. When Angelou was 14, she moved with her mother to San Francisco, California. She took lessons in dance and drama on a scholarship to the California Labor School and  graduated from George Washington High School. That same year, at the age of 17, she gave birth to her son Guy. She worked to support herself and her child as a cocktail waitress, cook, and dancer. Arts Career Begins In 1951, Angelou moved to New York City with her son and her husband Tosh Angelos so that she could study African dance with Pearl Primus. She also took modern dance classes. She returned to California and teamed with dancer and choreographer Alvin Ailey to perform at African-American fraternal organizations as â€Å"Al and Rita† throughout San Francisco. In 1954, Angelou’s marriage ended but she continued dancing. While performing at San Franciscos Purple Onion, Angelou decided to use the name Maya Angelou because it was distinctive. She combined the nickname her brother had given her with a new last name she derived from her former husbands surname. In 1959, Angelou became acquainted with novelist James O. Killens, who encouraged her to hone her skills as a writer. Moving back to New York City, Angelou joined the Harlem Writer’s Guild and began to publish her work. About the same time, Angelou landed a role in a State Department-sponsored production of George Gershwin’s folk opera  Porgy and Bess and toured 22 countries in Europe and Africa. She also studied dance with  Martha Graham.  Ã‚   Civil Rights The following year, Angelou met Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and she and Killens organized the Cabaret for Freedom benefit to raise money for the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Angelou was appointed the SCLC’s northern coordinator.  Continuing her performance career, in 1961 she appeared in  Jean Genet’s play  The Blacks. Angelou became romantically involved with South African activist Vusumzi Make and moved to Cairo, where she worked as an associate editor for the Arab Observer. In 1962, Angelou moved to Accra, Ghana, where she worked at the University of Ghana and continued to hone her craft as a writer, working as a feature editor for The African Review, a freelancer for the Ghanaian Times, and a radio personality for Radio Ghana. While living in Ghana, Angelou became an active member of the African-American expatriate community, meeting and becoming a close friend of Malcolm X. When she returned to the United States in 1965, Angelou helped Malcolm X develop the Organization of Afro-American Unity. Before the organization could really begin working, however, he was assassinated. In 1968, while she was helping King organize a march, he, too, was assassinated. The death of these leaders inspired Angelou to write, produce, and narrate a 10-part documentary titled â€Å"Blacks, Blues, Black!† The following year, her autobiography, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, was published by Random House to international acclaim. Four years later, Angelou published Gather Together in My Name, which told about her life as a single mother and budding performer. In 1976, Singin and Swingin and Gettin Merry Like Christmas was published. The Heart of a Woman followed in 1981. Sequels All God’s Children Need Traveling Shoes (1986), A Song Flung Up to Heaven (2002), and Mom Me Mom (2013) came later. Other Highlights   In addition to publishing her autobiographical series, Angelou produced the film Georgia, Georgia in 1972.  The following year she  was nominated for a Tony Award for her role in Look Away. In 1977, Angelou played a supporting role in the Golden Globes-winning TV mini-series Roots. In 1981, Angelou was appointed the Reynolds Professor of American Studies at Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Then, in 1993, Angelou was chosen to recite her poem â€Å"On the Pulse of Morning† at President Bill Clintons inauguration. In 2010, Angelou donated her personal papers and other items from her career to the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. The following year, President Barack Obama awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the country’s highest civilian honor. Death Maya Angelou had been having health issues for many years and was suffering from heart problems when she died on May 28, 2014. She was found by her caretaker at her home in Winston-Salem, where she had taught for a number of years at Wake Forest University. She was 86. Legacy Maya Angelou was a trailblazer in achieving success in so many fields as an African-American woman. Immediate respondents to her passing indicated the breadth of her influence. They included singer  Mary J. Blige, U.S. Sen. Cory Booker, and President  Barack Obama. In addition to the National Medal of Arts presented by President Clinton and the  Presidential Medal of Freedom presented by President Obama, she was given the Literarian Award, an honorary National Book Award for contributions to the literary community. Before her death, Angelou had been awarded more than 50 honorary degrees. Sources Maya Angelou Biography. Biography.com.Maya Angelou: American Poet, Memorist, and Actress. Encyclopedia Britannica.Poet Maya Angelou. Poets.org.Maya Angelou. Poetryfoundation.org.

Nursing Informatics Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Nursing Informatics - Coursework Example Any information that is considered private and confidential should never be disclosed to the third party unless that patient gives consent. Patient information should not be shared without his knowledge, as there are various ethical complications associated with disclosing any health information. The information can be revealed for the best interest of the patient, is autonomy, and the public interest. If an individual has a contagious disease, the medics can reveal his health information for the public’s interest (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2015). Supporting the patients’ autonomy is important and it is possible to avoid ethical problems by giving patients enough information about information disclosure. Some information may be disclosed without the patient’s consent especially when it is to the best interest of the patient that the information be disclosed to the relatives. Confidentiality is important to the patients as it provides a secure environment conducive for them to seek medical care and be open with the details of their illnesses. Confidentiality also makes the public have trust on the health professionals and ensure that the respect for the patients autonomy is respected. People have the right to choose people who can access their health information although the medical practitioners can breach confidentiality when necessary. Data breaches in hospitals and health centers are on the rise posing a challenge in protecting electronic patient health information. There are various steps for health care organizations to take to safeguard their patients’ information such as using secure transmissions by using a minimum of 128-bit encryption when transferring sensitive data (Rehg, 2014). The medical professionals can also perform an annual risk assessment and address any security issues, especially with the current cloud computing. Beefing up physical security and having clear access control policies will help identify whether people

Extra Credit #2 Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Extra Credit #2 - Movie Review Example The Credit Crisis is a short video by Jonathan Jarvis, which illustrates the 2007 international financial crisis. It is very challenging to identify an individual or organization that was not negatively affected by the crisis. Understanding the complex financial systems that resulted in the large scale financial meltdown is very difficult. The movie demystifies the subprime lending, poor relationship among the financial stakeholders, and the Glass-Steagall Act adequately. Knowledge is power, and Wall Street has continuously applied the principle to benefit financially. The CNBC Subprime Mortgage Special - House of Cards illustrates issues that closely resemble the current real estate sector. One of the issues is the profit motive among the real estate players. The financial greed among investors is what led to the financial crisis. Quick Loan Funding provided credit to people who could not afford down payment. Thus the number of borrowers increased, and the company recorded millions in profit. Presently, many financial institutions fund mortgage products by providing cheap credit facilities to the investors. The Credit Crisis illustrates that the financial system is complex and large scale. Very many people do not understand this complex financial system, and thus the financial crisis was experienced. Millions of Americans did not understand the magnitude of the large credit bubble that occurred during the past decade, due to limited financial knowledge. When the bubble burst, negative financial consequences were thus realized. Many people currently do not understand the global financial system because of the complexities involved. Due to the greed of financial institutions, many people still get excessive credit products despite of negative effects shown during the financial crisis. The two films have one major similar feature. They both discuss the negative effects of the global financial crisis. The Credit Crisis explains that the financial

The Importance of Warming Up Prior To Playing Golf Essay

The Importance of Warming Up Prior To Playing Golf - Essay Example Warming up prior to a game of golf not only enhances flexibility, it prevents injury and improves one's’ game. By warming up ones’ body otherwise tight muscles are stretched and lengthened decreasing the chance of pulling and straining while allowing for optimum performance during ones’ swing. In today’s society, golfers range in ages from teens up to seniors. Certainly, as we age our flexibility decreases and our bone structure changes creating greater challenges physically. Age does not necessarily have to be a detriment to one’s game. It is the approach and preparation that must change. One must treat the body as a finely tuned instrument and by doing so; warm it up prior to execution of the game. A strategic warm up allows the golfer to mentally and physically prepare for the game by going through each stage as if on the green. There is much to consider in the game of golf such as ones’ stance, grip, and setting up of the ball position an d the swing. Where golf looks as though it is an easy and lackadaisical sport, the entire body is in motion when a golfer is taking a swing. One must engage the head and neck muscles, the hands, arms, wrist, shoulders, trunk, legs, hips and the back when golfing. Imagine going into the green cold sans warm up to swing a club and the possible injuries that could occur. What exercises should the warm up programme include? One should focus on doing 10 minutes of continuous exercise to raise the temperature of the muscles, thus avoiding muscle stiffness. Where he found intense stretching is not extremely important, one should perform actions that are similar to what they are about to engage in following the warm up. According to the British Journal of Sports Medicine (Fradkin, Finch, Sherman, 2001) a study was held to determine the proportion of golfers that actually warmed up as well as their warm up behaviours. Researchers directly observed golfers over a three-week period and found o nly 53.4% actually warmed

Wallace Model Policy Ineffectiveness Proposition

Wallace Model Policy Ineffectiveness Proposition Critically discuss the following statement: â€Å"The Sargent and Wallace (1976) model of policy ineffectiveness has no basis in reality. It is of no practical or theoretical value to policymakers and economists alike.† The Sargent Wallace model (1976) produced the ‘Policy Ineffectiveness Proposition† which is viewed as a radical turning point for monetary theory and part of the ‘New Classical revolution that dominated policy during the 1970s and 1980s. Despite criticisms, it holds great significance as a benchmark model. The model is built upon the Lucas supply function: (1) yts = yn + (pt t-1 pte) + u t This stipulates the natural rate hypothesis that output can only deviate from its natural level by price forecasting errors or a random supply shock. The money supply rule is given by: mt = ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ² (y* yt-1) + ÃŽ µt, Where ÃŽ ± is a constant term, ÃŽ ² is a parameter and y* is a target level of output. And ultimately, output in the model is given by: (3) y t S = y n + ÃŽ µt + ut It can be seen from (3) that the parameter set by anticipated monetary policy has no effect on the behaviour of output. Only the unanticipated money shock, ÃŽ µt , will have effect. The model is structured upon New Classical assumptions of rational expectations (RE), a Lucas supply curve and that only real variables matter. By substituting for more realistic assumptions, the policy ineffectiveness proposition would not hold. RE is defined below: t-1 Pt e = E (Pt / t-1) RE contrasted with the backward-looking expectations assumption of the adaptive expectations model that dominated previous theory. With RE, an activist policy would be predicted by agents who would then revise wage and price expectations upwards, resulting in unchanged real variables. There is no money illusion and agents do not make systematic mistakes. However empirical evidence suggests persistent expectational errors, seen by constant underestimation by agents of UK inflation (Carlson Parkin, 1975). Friedman used expectational errors to argue against the short-run neutrality of monetary policy. However RE is widely accepted, shown in the impact of inflation forecasting by the Bank of England has upon expectations and its use within the Efficient Market hypothesis. However the acceptance is seen as, â€Å"necessary but not sufficient† (Spencer, 2009) for the validation of the PIP, as models that are fully consistent with the rational expectations hypothesis with more realistic assumptions, have taken precedence. One such model, and a critic of the Friedman style ‘market-clearing assumption was Fischer (1977). He introduced short run wage rigidity, with agents making nominal contracts that lasted longer than one period. Monetary policy could change at higher frequencies than prices and wages, implying non-neutrality in the short run, Taylor proposed nominal rigidities in his model, with the inclusion of staggered wage contracts with similar results. The market clearing model seems distinct from reality, with real world lags. This assumption is credited by the Bank of England, who set a horizon for up to two years for achieving their inflation target and suggested adherence to a Taylor style rule. The Keynesian assumption is that the large unemployment seen throughout the world today is evidence that labour markets do not clear. The assumption of fully flexible prices is discredited by the Calvo model. Its inclusion of menu costs supports the fact that numerous imperfections within today s economy stop people reacting to news immediately. Hoover states if the symmetric information structure is removed, monetary policy does affect real variables. Grossman Stiglitz (1980) state that agents would not pay the cost to become informed as under rational expectations no profit could be made. This leaves policy-makers with an informational advantage and the ability to affect real variables. Support for symmetric information structures is seen via the UK, where transparency is vital, thus information differentials not persisting for long. In addition to invalid assumptions included within the model, it has been criticised for its exclusions. Econometric evidence suggests when assessing factors affecting output, exclusion of â€Å"monetary..policy would†¦create the greatest potential shortcoming† (Hutchinson Glick). Shammout argued the impact of monetary policy upon interest rates, exchange rates stock prices, instead of just prices, that can affect output. Money is seen as the only financial asset, excluding even government bonds. There is little evidence supporting its practical application, with early evidence by Barro (1977) deemed a â€Å"research failure†. Blanchard (2003) postulated the Mundell-Tobin effect of the ability of monetary policy to alter the natural rate of unemployment, with evidence in the evolution of European unemployment. Mishkin (1982) found both anticipated and unanticipated monetary policy has effect on real variables in the short run. The Quantitative Easing programme in the UK, seen to have helped unemployment, would be ineffective if the PIP held. Despite criticisms, its importance within monetary policy cannot be underestimated. The influential Barro-Gordon model (1977) supported the model with the assumption that whilst output and employment were affected by unanticipated monetary policy, anticipated policy would have no effect on real variables. The ‘Real Business Cycle model confirmed policy ineffectiveness in a world without the market-clearing assumption. It has promoted widespread use of the RE hypothesis, equilibrium modelling and cemented the need for firm microeconomic foundations in macroeconomic policies (Snowdon Vane). The New-Keynesian models are seen as emanating from the new classical challenge, in which Sargent Wallace played a key role. The Sargent Wallace model significantly impacted upon monetary policy, although not as its creators anticipated. Modern economists generally accepted the New Keynesian approach of the long run neutrality of monetary policy, and its short run potency due to real and nominal rigidities. Critics argue that the model presents a simplified static world, of complete certainty with no relevance in the real world. However in the light of theoretical application, â€Å"unrealistic assumptions are in fact necessary in the formation of a good theory† (Gilbert Miche) Thus although its modern practical use is negligible, its application within theoretical developments are vast. Bibliography: Books: Blanchard (2003), â€Å"Macroeconomics†, 3rd edition Heijdra (2003), â€Å"Foundations of Modern Macroeconomics† Hoover (1988), â€Å"The new classical macroeconomics: a sceptical inquiry† Romer (2001), â€Å"Advanced Macroeconomics† Snowdon Vane (2002), â€Å"Encyclopaedia of Macroeconomics† Articles: Barro, (1977), â€Å"Unanticipated Money Growth and Unemployment in the United States†, The American Economic Review Barro, (1978), â€Å"Unanticipated Money, Output, and the Price Level in the United States†, The Journal of Political Economy Calvo (1983), â€Å"Staggered prices in a utility-maximising framework†, Journal of Monetary Economics Carlson Parkin (1975), â€Å"Inflation expectations†, Economica Fischer (1977), â€Å"Long term contracts, Rational Expectations and the Optimal Money Supply Rule†, Journal of Political Economy Gilbert Michie (1997), â€Å"New Classical Macroeconomic Theory and Fiscal Rules: Some Methodological Problems†, Contributions to Political Economy Grossman Stiglitz (1980), â€Å"On the impossibility of Informationally Efficient Markets†, American Economic Review Hutchinson Glick (1990), â€Å"New results in support of the fiscal ineffectiveness proposition†, Journal of Money, Credit Banking Mishkin (1982) Does Anticipated Monetary Policy Matter? An Econometric Investigation, National Bureau of Economic Research Sargent Wallace (1976), Rational Expectations and the Theory of Economic Policy†, Journal of Monetary Economics Spencer (2009), â€Å"New Classical New Keynesian Economics I II† Websites: Shammout (1989), â€Å"Additional Econometric Tests of the Policy Ineffectiveness Proposition† accessed at http://etd.lib.ttu.edu/theses/available/etd-02262009-31295005775209/unrestricted/31295005775209.pdf on 21/11/2009

Poetry Difficulty :: essays research papers

Poetry Difficulty   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Poetry unlike fiction is solely based on the author’s personal take on a certain subject. The tone, diction, syntax, and mood of a poem are all determined by the author of the poem. For some readers, to interpret a poem or explain the plot can be a difficult task. Other forms of literature such, as fiction is much easier to understand and discuss.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One reason fiction is easier to understand and discuss is that it has a plot, setting, a cast of characters, and a theme. Most fiction books follow the same common outline when it comes to structure. Poetry does not fit in this category. Poetry can be written about something or about nothing. A reader can interpret a poem in more than one way. On occasion, a poem may be difficult to discuss or understand because the reader doesn’t know what the author is writing about.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fictional stories are usually longer than poems. Poets also utilize literary techniques such as alliteration, assonance, and repetition in their poetry to influence the way a reader feels when reading the piece of literature. Fictional stories may also have some of these techniques in them, but they are lost amongst the plot and story line.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every author whether poet or writer has their own personal style of writing. Poets have more flexibility with their style. Long stanzas, rhythm, punctuation, no punctuation, fragments, and repetition are just a few options a poet has when creating their masterpiece. These tools may make it difficult for a reader to understand the full meaning of a poem. Diction can also play a role with problem in understanding poetry. A reader may need to research where the author is from and what year the poem was written in, in order to get the full effect of the poem and the underlying meanings in it.

Iphone and Ipad Innovation

Assessment 1: Case Study Report The Success of the iPod and iPhone raises the licensing question for Apple†¦ again. 1. Use the Cyclic Innovation Model figure to illustrate process in this case and provide a brief description? Innovation refers to the successful implementation and introduction of new products and services to the market. The Cyclic Innovation Model specifically focuses on the innovation processes, looking at the detail and providing a broad perspective. The Cyclic innovation modern does not coincide with the linear-chain concept; rather represents the circle with four ‘Nodes of Change’.These are: * Scientific research * Technological development * Product creation * Market transition (Berkhout & Rietdijk, 2010) There are also the ‘Cycles of Change’ which inspire, correct and supplement. In order for the organisation to communicate and connect with various organisations, markets, business and appeal to other disciplines (Berkhout, Hartmann & Trott, 2010); these processes will need to be managed efficiently and effectively by a sole figure who establishes and distributes these cycles.Apple addressed the consumer’s needs and wants by introducing a smart MP3 player that subjugated competitor products for years. The IPod is a clear example on how an organisation can correctly execute the Cyclic Innovation Model. The IPod introduction and implementation can be broken down into the various steps and nodes. Initially, the ‘Scientific Research Node’ collects information from market variations and lifestyles variations. With the introduction of my IPod, the social change was that everyone began to want one, therefore the demand increased and also corresponded with the music industry.The ‘Product Creation Node’ allows them to establish and maintain the product to suit the needs and wants of consumer, considering the changes over time meaning it will be required to upgrade with the improving soc ial recognition of the market. The improvements of the market leads to the ‘Technological Development Node’ which recognizes and meets required improvements in the product; and then incorporate it with the existing product to allow consumers to easily adopt and absorb.The ‘Market Transition Node’ is the final products introduction to the market. The introduction of the product is essential; leading to value increasing as well as demand increasing. 2. With sales if iPod falling and Apple facing fierce competition from all quarters such as Sony, Dell, Samsung and other electronics firms as well as mobile phone makers who are incorporating MP3 players in their devices, can the iPod survive? Success| Failure|Portability of music is essential in current lifestyles| Preference of an all-in-one product (Phone, internet, mp3)| Increase iTunes usage and sales| High value for just a single product| Target adolescents who are not able to spend too much on a smart phon e| Synchronisation requirements| Decreasing interest on CD-Rom| iTunes compatibility| Opposing the iPod is the newly introduced iPhone. Many consumers will easily pay the added difference to purchase the mobile device that has an internal iPod.This product has enabled Apple to fight off competitors who have looked at possible beating the organisation to creating such a product. Even so, there is still a large portion of the market who have daily needs that are suited by the iPod. Examples can include people who use it while at the gym or going for a run; retail stores, cafes and restaurants that have background music playing and do not want to occupy their phones, and parents who do not want to spend significantly on an iPhone.The biggest challenge for Apple would be the maintaining of interest in the iPod. Correct marketing; advertisement and promotion of the product will attract consumers who believe that it would be a product to match their needs. 3. How can Apple influence futur e technology developments or establish strategic alliances to ensure it is a dominant force in the hand-held devices that will incorporate both the cellphone and MP3? Apple has created each and every one of their products to integrate with all of their other products to a certain degree.This coexistence has allowed many consumers to only purchase Apple products so that they are all working together. For example, iMac computers, iTunes, iPhones, iPods and iPads all synchronize together to allow a consumer to have certain information and date on all devices. To have this working, Apple have also created a principal to make each product user friendly, thus creating such interest that the brand has become one of the most popular household products in the world. Apple is simplifying modern day technology through user-friendly interfaces.The cooperation with the music industry must also continue to excel iTunes and have it prevailing across all of their products, as it is. Reference List 1. Berkout, G & Rietdijk J, 2010, ‘Cyclic innovation model: circular vision in open innovation’ viewed 18 March 2013 ‘apportal. dedicated. nines/Cyclic-innovation-model. pdf’ 2. Berkout G, Hartmann D & Trott P 2010, ‘Connecting technological capabilities with market needs using a cyclic innovation model’, R&D Management, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 474-488. Turn-It-In Paper title: Assessment 1 Paper ID: 314036265

The Significance of Minor Characters in A&P

Minor characters are crucial to a reader’s understanding of any story. In John Updike’s short story, â€Å"A&P† this idea is very apparent. In this short story, two of the minor characters are quite important. These two minor characters are Queenie, a young women shopper and Lengel, the manager of the A&P. Qeenie and Lengel are vital minor characters, as Updike uses them for the reader’s understanding of the young adult main character, Sammy, including his personality and motivations, which provides further understanding of the story. In John Updike’s â€Å"A&P† Queenie is the lead girl if a group of girls who walk into the A&P. â€Å"She kind of led them† (17), as Updike puts it. These girls, including Queenie, are all wearing bathing suits, which at the time the story was written, was considered quite risque. Sammy refers to this girl as Queenie because as he puts it, â€Å"- and then the third one, that wasn’t so tall. â€Å"She was the queen† (17). Based on how much Sammy talks about her and the way he does it, Queenie is his favorite girl of the group. Lengel is the manager of the A&P. According to Sammy, â€Å"Lengel’s pretty dreary, teaches Sunday school and the rest, but he doesn’t miss much. † (19) He’s a quiet man, â€Å"as I say, he doesn’t say much† (19), but he starts the controversy that eventually leads to Sammy quitting his job. The way Sammy thinks of and talks about Queenie reveals parts of his personality and motivations. As for Lengel, the manor which Sammy interacts and when Sammy interacts with him reveals parts of Sammy’s personality and motivations, as it does with Queenie. Throughout â€Å"A&P,† Queenie and Lengel enlighten the reader’s understanding of Sammy’s personality. Queenie, as the lead girl, has Sammy’s hormones raging throughout the story and shows the reader how Sammy is quite fond of women, but also disrespectfully defaces them by analyzing every part of their body’s as pieces of meat, not as respectful young woman. Updike reveals this when Sammy refers to Queenie by saying, â€Å"She just walked straight on slowly, on these long white prima-donna legs† (17). Sammy also illustrates this idea when he says, â€Å"You never know how girls work (do you think it’s a mind in there or just a little buzz like a bee in a glass jar? )† (17). The fact that Sammy is has no respect for women is undoubtedly true. Author, Patrick W. Shaw explains this in his short story criticism, â€Å"Checking Out Faith and Lust: Hawthorne’s ‘Young Goodman Brown’ and Updike’s ‘A & P’†. Shaw states, â€Å"He punctuates his juvenile thoughts with chauvinistic asides and double entendres† (1). When Sammy talks about his manager, Lengel, he does not seem to respect him, which is another reason why Sammy is disrespectful and not only towards women. An example of this is when Lengel comes in from the outside lot, Sammy says, â€Å"is about to scuttle into that door marked manager  behind which he hides all day when the girls touch his eye† (19). For a regular employee to talk about his manager in such a way suggests that Sammy does not have much respect for Lengel. That quote also illustrates that Sammy also is a jokingly juvenile young man. The way in which Sammy talks to and about Queenie and Lengel shows very little respect. The fact that Lengel is Sammy’s boss and Queenie is a woman who he doesn’t know says to the reader, Sammy does not feel obligated to show respect for anyone, regardless of who they are or what their status is. This is another large piece of Sammy’s personality, revealed by these two minor characters. Queenie and Lengel also enlighten the reader’s understanding of Sammy’s motivations, which are to stand up to Lengel in order to be a hero to these girls. Sammy shows this after Queenie and Lengel have an altercation, regarding her and her friend’s bathing suits and how the suits aren’t appropriate attire for a food market. This leaves Queenie feeling pretty embarrassed. As Queenie leaves the store, Sammy says, â€Å"The girls, and who’d blame them, are in a hurry to get out, so I say, I quit to Lengel quick enough for them to hear, hoping they’ll stop and watch me, their unsuspected hero† (20). This is a clear example of how Queenie brings out that Sammy really sticks up for the girls as an attempt to get their attention and come across as a sort of hero to them. This reason for Sammy sticking up for the girls shows, that is his real motivation. During the same situation, Lengel also brings out Sammy’s motivation, as his words are the reason the girls feel embarrassed and leave. Lengel’s conversation with Queenie was about the girl’s attire in the store. Lengel starts by saying to the girls’, â€Å"Girls, this isn’t the beach† (19). He then explains how they should be dressed more decently in the store because it is the policy. After the girls leave and Sammy says, â€Å"I quit† (20). Lengel addresses Sammy and tells him not to do that again. Sammy still refuses; he puts his apron on the counter and walks out. When he gets outside to the lot, he is still motivated to find the girls as he says, â€Å"I look around for my girls, but they’re gone, of course† (20). The fact that Queenie is who Sammy sticks up for, along with the fact that Lengel is the reason Sammy feels as if he has to stick up for Queenie show Sammy motivation. This motivation is to be a sort of hero to Queenie by confronting Lengel and even quitting his job, in hopes that Queenie and her friends will recognize his efforts and appreciate him. The idea that Sammy wants to be a sort of hero to the Queenie and the girls, also is felt by Harriet Blodgett as in her critical essay in The Explicator. Blodgett writes, â€Å"Sammy plays a mythic role, too, seeing himself as the distressed damsels’ proverbial knight in shining armor† (1). In addition, in the book â€Å"John Updike Revisited†, by James A. Schiff, the idea that Sammy is a hero like character is also present. Schiff writes, â€Å"Updike’s apparent intention was to cast his protagonist heroically, via Sammy’s hope that the girls might at some point materialize† (116-117). Minor characters are a very important part of any story, as they provide a lot of information about others things such as, the main character. In John Updike’s â€Å"A&P,† this remains true. Throughout the story, two minor characters, Queenie and Lengel, reveal Sammy’s personality and motivations. Qeenie and Lengel are vital minor characters, as Updike uses them for the reader’s understanding of the main character, Sammy, including his personality and motivations, which provides further understanding of the story.

Thuy-Khue Tran Ms. Takao Essays

Thuy-Khue Tran Ms. Takao Essays Thuy-Khue Tran Ms. Takao Paper Thuy-Khue Tran Ms. Takao Paper They have covered most memorable and important stories but they do it with a media bias. Behind their words lies a tone of persuasion; they hope to influence us in one direction or another. Since the early days of the newspaper, there have been racial, political, and class bias. Hitler bombarded his public with news of immoral Jews during World War II (Weikart 158). The constant persuasion in the newspaper led the people to believe his words as truth. The media brainwashed them into believing the fictional stories. Although this is an extreme example in history, journalism bias still exists in our current news. As a result we can see things not as they are, but we can see things how others view them. Other people can influence our thoughts and beliefs with their opinions. Like World War II, politicians today use propaganda to persuade and sway the public. People rely on the news as a source of information, but some do not realize that through the communication of facts and data, there also is also a transfer of bias. In the 17th century, Europeans believed that mice originated from clothes under a warm hearth because scientists and researchers at the time supported abiogenesis, spontaneous life. The image of mice running to and emerging from the hearth fell on blind eyes. The society of the 17th century in Europe followed the views of others and ignored their own sense of sight and logic because the information originated from professionals in the field of biology. However, it is possible to adopt other peoples views as your own; therefore, it becomes a part of who we are. If we embed someone elses original belief in our list of certainties, then it also becomes one of our beliefs. However, the world is not an utopia where every ones thoughts, ideals, and opinions are identical. We have a predisposition for language to communicate their ideas; therefore, they have a predisposition for bias. Our biases may originate from our innate emotions. If we feel pride, disgust, anger, and happiness then we convey these emotions through our actions. Feelings may be temporary or long lasting but they are still powerful influences on our understanding of knowledge. Emotions can cloud or clarify our understanding depending on our biases. As in the case of the music industry in South Korea, a popular singer was recently exiled from his company and country because he wrote I hate Korea four years ago on a social networking website. Citizens in South Korea were upbraided and demanded that he be reprimanded by sending him back to America. Four years ago as an American immigrant, he was separated from his family, friends, and the culture that he was accustomed to; thus he wrote the words I hate Korea. Although the word hate is exchanged casually in America, it is a great insult in South Korea. The citizens of South Korea have a overwhelming sense of pride for their country and are very nationalistic. As a result, they became angry at a remark made four years ago. Emotions took hold of the media and people of a whole country; their feelings of anger and resentment skewed their understanding of what seems like a small issue. However, this may be a case of lost in translation and cultural differences. The things that we see such as beliefs, information, people and problems can be viewed objectively. As a counter claim, we can assume that some people do not have to sift through their prejudices simply because they do not have any. The counterclaim considers if it is possible to think independently of our inclinations. Do we behave according to nature or nurture? Humans are programmed by nature to be influenced by experiences, emotions, culture, and creed so they need to sort out the filters that create uncertainties and distortions in our minds, therefore refuting the counterclaim. In the case of the observer effect, the presence of an observer may make people nervous or embarrassed by his or her attention and this may lead them to change their behavior (Lagemaat 261). The purpose of human sciences is to dissect why and how humans think and feel. Humans are born unbiased and blank as a slate a shell without beliefs or opinions. As humans age and grow, they become biased with the accumulation of knowledge. However, human sciences do not have a method in predicting the trends in human behavior because each individual has different experiences, backgrounds and religions. The languages that we speak, the senses we have, the culture we belong to, and the emotions that we rely upon play essential roles in peoples understanding of how things really are. An individual must recognize the existence of these filters in order to identify reality which leads to the removal or altercation of the filter. Reflection, analysis, education play important roles in the process of the way we analyze and react to external and internal conflicts. People need to break apart the mechanics of perception and interpretation so they can see past the factors that block them from the pursuit of knowledge. Goode , Erica, and Olivier Messiaen. When People See a Sound and Hear a Color. The New York Times. 23 February 1999 late ed. : 3F. Van de Lagemaat, Richard. Theory of Knowledge: for the IB Diploma. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

Free Essays on Isaacs Storm

Some people are just gifted. While researching data on a turn-of-the-century murder, author Erik Larson stumbles upon newspaper accounts of the most lethal natural disaster in American history (Random House, 1999). The discovery leads to his writing of Isaac’s Storm, a national bestseller. The book describes in great detail how a hurricane destroyed the town of Galveston, Texas in 1900. Larson’s interest in history and foul weather phenomenon combined with the intriguing photographic devastation was factors that led to his writing. He was amazed that few people knew of a documented catastrophe with a death toll greater than the combined toll of the Johnstown Flood and San Francisco Earthquake. Although he has no formal weather training his research and self-proclaimed â€Å"forensic investigation† techniques (University of Oregon, 1999) produced an excellent read. From Larson’s childhood background in Freeport, Long Island during the hurricane years of the 1950’s and 1960’s through his major in history at the University of Pennsylvania he seemed to prepare himself for just such a work. His resume also includes graduation from the Columbia Graduate School of Journalism, teaching nonfiction writing at San Francisco State University, and stints with major papers and periodicals such as the Wall Street Journal, Harpers and Atlantic Monthly. From the opening chapter â€Å" The Beach†, Larson provides enough documentary that you find the book hard to put down. He lays out families, events, days and people in detail that you can follow throughout the book; in some cases you can imagine yourself actually there. The next chapter traces the origin of the hurricane in the next chapter followed by a description of Isaac Cline’s upbringing and weather forecasting background, providing a strong basis for tracking the storm and understanding Cline’s mindset. While important to document the National Weather Service’s mode of operation it... Free Essays on Isaac's Storm Free Essays on Isaac's Storm Some people are just gifted. While researching data on a turn-of-the-century murder, author Erik Larson stumbles upon newspaper accounts of the most lethal natural disaster in American history (Random House, 1999). The discovery leads to his writing of Isaac’s Storm, a national bestseller. The book describes in great detail how a hurricane destroyed the town of Galveston, Texas in 1900. Larson’s interest in history and foul weather phenomenon combined with the intriguing photographic devastation was factors that led to his writing. He was amazed that few people knew of a documented catastrophe with a death toll greater than the combined toll of the Johnstown Flood and San Francisco Earthquake. Although he has no formal weather training his research and self-proclaimed â€Å"forensic investigation† techniques (University of Oregon, 1999) produced an excellent read. From Larson’s childhood background in Freeport, Long Island during the hurricane years of the 1950’s and 1960’s through his major in history at the University of Pennsylvania he seemed to prepare himself for just such a work. His resume also includes graduation from the Columbia Graduate School of Journalism, teaching nonfiction writing at San Francisco State University, and stints with major papers and periodicals such as the Wall Street Journal, Harpers and Atlantic Monthly. From the opening chapter â€Å" The Beach†, Larson provides enough documentary that you find the book hard to put down. He lays out families, events, days and people in detail that you can follow throughout the book; in some cases you can imagine yourself actually there. The next chapter traces the origin of the hurricane in the next chapter followed by a description of Isaac Cline’s upbringing and weather forecasting background, providing a strong basis for tracking the storm and understanding Cline’s mindset. While important to document the National Weather Service’s mode of operation it...