Is Critical Thinking Overrated Or Under Developed

Is Critical Thinking Overrated or Under-Utilized in Higher Education? By Dr. Bruce A. Johnson | Submitted On December 27, 2015 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter 1 Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Dr. Bruce A. Johnson Critical thinking is listed as a desired skill or preferred outcome within many higher education courses. It is something that students are expected to demonstrate through their involvement in the class and learning activities. It may be listed in a rubric and/or stated in the course syllabus, depending upon the requirements of the program or the school itself. There may be varying degrees as to how it is demonstrated and then evaluated, ranging from occasionally to always within a rubric description. It is a common practice to provide students with the course rubrics at the start of class; however, the question becomes: Do students usually know what critical thinking means? Do instructors or schools provide a standard definition? Additional questions that arise include: Do instructors understand the meaning of critical thinking and are they provided with an explanation by the school? These are questions that I sought to answer and I spent over two years talking to instructors andShow MoreRelatedQuestions On T H T Company1899 Words   |  8 Pagesovercome the problem of heuristic processing of the human mind, an individual has to repave such response with more accurately computed response, by mostly knowledge gap in learning the information or the rules. This would bring about less rational thinking errors made by the human mind. 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Essay Richard Nixon - 1491 Words

Richard Nixon Born in 1913 in Yorba Linda, California, Richard Milhouse Nixon was raised in a Quaker home with his four brothers, mother and father. His family led a docile life by abstaining from all dancing, swearing, drinking and other common Quaker practices (Barron 12). Financially, the family struggled and he could not afford to attend Harvard University even with a full-ride scholarship. Instead, Nixon enrolled at Whittier College, a popular Quaker college close to home (Barron 39). Nixon began dominating all of his academics and it was at Whittier where he began to shape his future political career. Nixon began his studies at Whittier College in 1930 and managed to keep an active schedule. Between football practice, drama†¦show more content†¦That was also the year his first daughter Tricia was born. Two years later he won a seat in the Senate and his wife Pat gave birth to their second daughter, Julie. Nixon was now on his way to becoming Vice-President of the United States and his political career was taking off. At just 39 years old, Richard Nixon became Vice-President under the Eisenhower administration in 1953 (Gellman 413). He was almost removed from Eisenhower’s campaign due to allegations of a slush fund he started to help pay for campaigning expenses (Drew 122). He ended up saving his candidacy by going on national television and appealing the mass viewers. One event he is most famous for during his Vice-Presidency is the â€Å"kitchen debate† with Khrushchev at the United States exhibition in Moscow (Small 47). This particular debate argued capitalism verses communism and it just so happened to take place in a kitchen (Small 49). He was the first American official to address the Soviets in a live television broadcast. Over the next eight years, Nixon continued to elevate the office of vice president to a new level. With his youthful and vigorous attitude, he made sure he would be the most active vice president in any previous administration. In 1960 Nixon went up against John F. Kennedy, was narrowly defeated and lost the 1961 presidency. He argued that the U.S. media was to blameShow MoreRelatedRichard Nixon : The Silent1491 Words   |  6 PagesRichard Nixon was a president that dealt with many problems while he was in office, such as Vietnam, China, and civil rights. Nixon was a great politician and appeared to want the best for America. In Nixon s silent majority speech he wanted to end the war in vietnam while sparing the â€Å"democratic† citizens in southern Vietnam, but for him to do this he needed to bargain with the citizens of America and the leaders of the western world in order to accomplish his goals without too many problems, suchRead MorePardon of Richard Nixon1193 Words   |  5 PagesControversial Pardon of Richard Nixon HIST102 American History Since 1877 Instructor: 22 February 2014 Former President Richard Nixon is most well-known for his role in the Watergate crisis in the early 1970’s. The Watergate crisis started in June of 1972, when the Democratic National Committee (DNC) headquarters was broke into by members of Nixon’s re-election committee. The press took this breaking news and began to dig deeper into what the Whitehouse (President Nixon) was hiding. 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Karl Marx (2205 words) Essay Example For Students

Karl Marx (2205 words) Essay Karl MarxKarl Heinrich Marx was born on May 5, 1818, in the city of Trier in Prussia,now, Germany. He was one of seven children of Jewish Parents. His father wasfairly iberal, taking part in demonstrations for a constitution for Prussia andreading such authors as Voltaire and Kant, known for their social commentary. His mother, Henrietta, was originally from Holland and never became a German atheart, not even learning to speak the language properly. Shortly before KarlMarx was born, his father converted the family to the Evangelical EstablishedChurch, Karl being baptized at the age of six. Marx attended high school in hishome town (1830-1835) where several teachers and pupils were under suspicion ofharboring liberal ideals. Marx himself seemed to be a devoted Christian with alonging for self-sacrifice on behalf of humanity. In October of1835, he started attendance at the University of Bonn, enrolling innon-socialistic-related classes like Greek and Roman mythology and the historyof art. During this time, he spent a day in jail for being drunk anddisorderly-the only imprisonment he suffered in the course of his life. The student culture at Bonn included, as a major part, being politicallyrebellious and Marx was involved, presiding over the Tavern Club and joining aclub for poets that included some politically active students. However, he leftBonn after a year and enrolled at the University of Berlin to study law andphilosophy. Marxs experience in Berlin was crucial to his ntroduction toHegels philosophy and to his adherence to the Young Hegelians.Hegels philosophy was crucial to the development of his own ideas and theories. Upon his first introduction to Hegels beliefs, Marx felt a repugnance and wrotehis father that when he felt sick, it was partially from intense vexationat having to make an idol of a view detested. The Hegelian doctrinesexerted considerable pressure in the revolutionary student culturethat Marx was immersed in, however, and Marx eventually joined a society calledthe Doctor Club, involved mainly in the new literary and philosophicalmovement whos chief figure was Bruno Bauer, a lecturer in theology whothought that the Gospels were not a record of History but that they came fromhuman fantasies arising from mans emotional needs and he alsohypothesized that Jesus had not existed as a person. Bauer was later dismissedfrom his position by the Prussian government. By 1841, Marxs studies werelacking and, at the suggestion of a friend, he submitted a doctoral dissertationto the university at Jena, known for having lax acceptance requirements. Unsurprisingly, he got in, and finally received his degree in 1841. His thesisanalyzed in a Hegelian fashion the difference between the naturalphilosophies of Democritus and Epicurus using his knowledge of mythologyand the myth of Prometheus in his chains. In October of 1842, Marx became theeditor of the paper Rheinische Zeitung, and, as the editor, wrote editorials onsocio-economic issues such as poverty, etc. During this time, he found that hisHegelian philosophy was of little use and he separated himself fromhis young Hegelian friends who only shocked the bourgeois to make up theirsocial activity. Marx helped the paper to succeed and it almostbecame the leading journal in Prussia. However, the Prussian governmentsuspended it because of pressures from the goverment of Russia. So,Marx went to Paris to study French Communism. In June of 1843, hewas married to Jenny Von Westphalen, an attractive girl, four years older thanMarx, who came from a prestigious family of both military and a dministrativedistinction. Although many of the members of the Von Westphalen family wereopposed to the marriage, Jennys father favored Marx. In Paris, Marx becameacquainted with the Communistic views of French workmen. Although he thoughtthat the ideas of the workmen were utterly crude and unintelligent,he admired their camaraderie. He later wrote an article entitled Towardthe Critique of the Hegelian Philosophy of Right from which comes thefamous quote that religion is the opium of the people. Once again,the Prussian government interfered with Marx and he was expelled from France. Heleft for Brussels, Belgium, and , in 1845, renounced his Prussian nationality. During the next two years in Brussels, the lifelong collaboration with Engelsdeepened further. He and Marx, sharing the same views, pooled theirintellectual resources and published The Holy Family, a criticism ofthe Hegelian idealism of Bruno Bauer. In their next work, they demonstratedtheir materialistic conception of history but the book found no publisher andremained unknown during its authors lifetimes. It is during hisyears in Brussels that Marx really developed his views and established hisintellectual standing. From December of 1847 to January of 1848,Engels and Marx wrote The Communist Manifesto, a document outlining 10 immediatemeasures towards Communism, ranging from a progressive income tax and theabolition of inheritances to free education for all children. When theRevolution erupted in Europe in 1848, Marx was invited to Paris just in time toescape expulsion by the Belgian government. He became unpopular to German exileswhen, while in Paris, he opposed Georg Heweghs proj ect to organize a Germanlegion to invade and liberate the Fatherland. After traveling backto Cologne, Marx called for democracy and agreed with Engels that the CommunistLeague should be disbanded. During this time, Marx got into trouble with thegovernment; he was indicted on charges that he advocated that people not paytaxes. However, after defending himself in his trial, he was acquittedunanimously. On May 16, 1849, Marx was banished as an alien by thePrussian government. Marx then went to London. There, he rejoined the CommunistLeague and became more bold in his revolutionary policy. He advocated that thepeople try to make the revolution permanent and that they shouldavoid subservience to the bourgeois peoples. The faction that he belonged toridiculed his ideas and he stopped attending meetings of the London Communists,working on the defense of 11 communists arrested in Cologne, instead. He wrotequite a few works during this time, including an essay entitled DerAchtzenhnte Brumair e des Louis Bonaparte (The Eighteenth Brumaire of LouisBonaparte) and also a pamphlet written on the behalf of the 11 communists he wasdefending in Cologne. From 1850 to 1864, Marx lived in poverty andspiritual pain, only taking a job once. He and his family wereevicted from their apartment and several of his children died, his son, Guido,who Marx called a sacrifice to bourgeois misery and a daughter namedFranziska. They were so poor that his wife had to borrow money for her coffin. W.R.1 - Inquiry Activity EssayBecause of inflation and the increase in prices of goods resulting from it, thepeople of the society hoard their money which, because that money is out ofcirculation, causes more money to be printed. The one increases the effect ofthe other and thus, the downward spiral. Marx views revolution with twoperspectives. One takes the attitude that revolution should be a great uprisinglike that of the French revolution. The other conception is that ofthe permanent revolution involving a provisionalcoalition between the low and higher classes. However, an analysis of theCommunist Manifesto shows inconsistencies between the relationship of permanentand violent revolution; that Marx did not exactly determine the exactrelationship between these two yet. Aside from the small inconsistencies inMarxs philosophy, he exhibits sound ideas that do seem to work on paper butfail in the real world where millions of uncertainties contribute to the errorin every social exper iment on Earth. Communism never gets farther than socialismin its practice in the real world and that is where the fault lies, in thegovernments that try to cheat the system while still maintaining their idealcommunist society.

Population Redistributions Based On Ethnicity Have Defused Intense Riv

Population redistributions based on ethnicity have defused intense rivalries in the recent past, and could be a solution to the internal ethnic crises for nations such as the former Yugoslavia. Currently described by the media as ethnic cleansing, Population redistributions have been the focus of much controversy throughout U.S. and world history. To those affected, Population redistributions can be economically and emotionally devastating. It can also lead to enormous tragedies causing thousands of deaths when conducted in a brutal manner. The results of various population redistributions are examined throughout this paper with the focus on the Japanese Internment camps in the U.S. and the current crises in the former Yugoslavia. There are examples of population transfers that have taken place in the twentieth century. In 1923, Greece and Turkey signed the Treaty of Lausanne. The two rival nations agreed to expel 150,000 Greeks living in Turkey, and 388,000 Turks living in Greece back to their ethnic homelands. Except in Cyprus where the populations remained mixed. Turkey and Greece have not taken up arms against each other again. After World War II eight million people of German ethnicity were expelled from their native communities in Poland and throughout Eastern Europe, due to agreements made by the Allies at the Potsdam Conference. Hundreds of thousands of Germans died or were killed during the transfer due to the brutal manner in which it was carried out. Due to the lack of diversity and conflicting cultures the long-term results of the population transfer have ended internal ethnic problems in Poland since then. Israel expelled their own settlers from occupied land (which is currently the new Palestinia n nation) in order to bring about a lasting peace between the two former rivals. After bombing Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on December 7, 1941, 120,000 Japanese and Japanese-Americans living in Oregon, Washington, California, and Arizona were relocated. They were forced from their homes and put in internment camps for their protection from the rage of the American people and for the sake of national security. Japanese-American internment camps like all issues involving race or war, raises the question of whether or not it was legal and ethical to force Japanese-Americans to move homes and livelihoods in early WWII. It is a difficult and controversial problem. When the decision to relocate thousands of Japanese-Americans was made; the actions were considered to be constitutionally legal and seen by many as necessary. It has been argued as to whether or not it was necessary to put so many innocent people through frustration, suffering, and loss of not only their property but also their freedom. Even before the onset of war, due to the differences in their language, culture, communities, customs, and religion, the Japanese living in America were already alienated from much of society. This made it easier for Americans to justify to themselves the need for a temporary population redistribution of the Japanese-Americans. When the bombing of Pearl Harbor occurred, the American people were afraid of a Japanese attack and of the Japanese living near them on the West Coast. People believed their Japanese-American neighbors were the enemy. Americans were so enraged at Japan that they turned their anger towards Japanese-Americans in the forms of protests, discrimination and violent hatred. The Government, including President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, were pressured by the restlessness of the people, the threat of a Japanese attack, the threat of violence between Americans and Japanese-Americans and the lack of time to take action. Lieutenant General John L. DeWitt was chosen for the job of defending and protecting the West Coast. He became one of the biggest supporters of relocating the Japanese. The FBI began investigating and arresting people along the coast who were suspected of spying for enemy countries. Japanese-Americans were not the only people suspected of spying. Italians and Germans were also investigated and imprisoned. DeWitt received reports of acts of disloyalty to the U.S. and sabotage on the part of Japanese-Americans. He was also inundated with reports of unusual radio activity involving contact with Japanese vessels, of farmers burning their fields in the shapes of markers to aid Japanese pilots, and of fisherman monitoring and relaying to Japan the activity of the U.S. navy. None of these reports were substantiated,